WHAT IS SUPERCOMPUTER? TOP MOST SUPER COMPUTER IN THE WORLD. SEE THE POSITION OF YOUR COUNTRY.

Supercomputer A  supercomputer  is a computer with a high level of computing performance compared to a general-purpose computer. Perform...

Supercomputer

A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of computing performance compared to a general-purpose computer. Performance of a supercomputer is measured in floating-point operations per second (FLOPS) instead of million instructions per second (MIPS). As of 2015, there are supercomputers which can perform up to quadrillions of FLOPS, measured in P(eta)FLOPS.The majority of supercomputers today run Linux-based operating systems.

Supercomputers play an important role in the field of computational science, and are used for a wide range of computationally intensive tasks in various fields, including quantum mechanics, weather forecasting, climate research, oil and gas exploration,molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), and physical simulations (such as simulations of the early moments of the universe, airplane and spacecraft aerodynamics, the detonation of nuclear weapons, and nuclear fusion). Throughout their history, they have been essential in the field of cryptanalysis.

Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s, and for several decades the fastest were made by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), Cray Research and subsequent companies bearing his name or monogram. The first such machines were highly tuned conventional designs that ran faster than their more general-purpose contemporaries. Through the 1960s, they began to add increasing amounts of parallelism with one to four processors being typical. From the 1970s, the vector computing concept with specialized math units operating on large arrays of data came to dominate. A notable example is the highly successful Cray-1 of 1976. Vector computers remained the dominant design into the 1990s. From then until today, massively parallel supercomputers with tens of thousands of off-the-shelf processors became the norm.

The US has long been a leader in the supercomputer field, first through Cray's almost uninterrupted dominance of the field, and later through a variety of technology companies. Japan made major strides in the field in the 1980s and 90s, but since then China has become increasingly important. As of June 2016, the fastest supercomputer on the TOP 500 supercomputer list is the Sun way Taihu Light, in China, with a LINPACK benchmark score of 93 PFLOPS, exceeding the previous record holder, Tianhe-2, by around 59 PFLOPS. Sunway TaihuLight's emergence is also notable for its use of indigenous chips, and is the first Chinese computer to enter the TOP500 list without using hardware from the United States. As of June 2016, China, for the first time, had more computers (167) on the TOP500 list than the United States (165). However, US built computers held ten of the top 20 positions; in November 2016 the U.S. has five of the top 10 and China two, in fact the top two.

Since 1993, the fastest supercomputers have been ranked on the TOP 500 list according to their LIN PACK bench mark results. The list does not claim to be unbiased or definitive, but it is a widely cited current definition of the "fastest" supercomputer available at any given time.

This is a recent list of the computers which appeared at the top of the TOP 500 list,^[91] and the "Peak speed" is given as the "R-max" rating.

Distribution of TOP500 supercomputers among different countries, as of November 2015

Top 20 Supercomputers in the World, as of June 2013

Year	Supercomputer	Peak speed (Rmax)	Location
2016	Sunway TaihuLight	93.01 PFLOPS	Wuxi, China
2013	NUDT Tianhe-2	33.86 PFLOPS	Guangzhou, China
2012	Cray Titan	17.59 PFLOPS	Oak Ridge, U.S.
2012	IBM Sequoia	17.17 PFLOPS	Livermore, U.S.
2011	Fujitsu K computer	10.51 PFLOPS	Kobe, Japan
2010	Tianhe-IA	2.566 PFLOPS	Tianjin, China
2009	Cray Jaguar	1.759 PFLOPS	Oak Ridge, U.S.
2008	IBM Roadrunner	1.026 PFLOPS	Los Alamos, U.S.
		1.105 PFLOPS

Largest Supercomputer Vendors according to the total Rmax(GFLOPS) operated

Acer Group	1	0.2	177,100	231,859	26,244
PEZY Computing/Exascaler Inc.	1	0.2	178,107	395,264	262,784
HP/WIPRO	1	0.2	188,700	394,760	12,532
Inspur	1	0.2	196,234	262,560	8,412
Niagara Computers, Supermicro	1	0.2	289,500	348,660	5,310
Clustervision/Supermicro	1	0.2	299,300	588,749	44,928
AMD, ASUS, FIAS, GSI	1	0.2	316,700	593,600	10,976
Xenon Systems	1	0.2	335,300	472,498	6,875
Netweb Technologies	1	0.2	388,442	520,358	30,056
Itautec	2	0.4	411,800	920,830	27,776
IPE, Nvidia, Tyan	1	0.2	496,500	1,012,650	29,440
Hitachi	2	0.4	496,900	622,598	20,544
Adtech	1	0.2	532,600	1,098,000	38,400
NEC	3	0.6	578,987	709,520	21,296
Supermicro	1	0.2	602,983	677,376	20,160
MEGWARE	3	0.6	610,521	710,592	54,800
RSC Group	1	0.2	658,112	829,338	19,936
Oracle	2	0.4	708,300	804,835	68,672
Amazon	2	0.4	724,269	947,610	43,520
Intel	1	0.2	758,873	933,481	51,392
ClusterVision	2	0.4	784,735	881,254	42,368
NRCPCET	1	0.2	795,900	1,070,160	137,200
Hitachi/Fujitsu	1	0.2	1,018,000	1,502,236	222,072
Dawning	2	0.4	1,451,600	3,217,772	151,360
NEC/HP	1	0.2	2,785,000	5,735,685	76,032
Atipa Technologies	3	0.6	3,044,976	4,163,712	214,584
T-Platforms	3	0.6	4,428,620	6,355,903	170,824
SGI	23	4.6	14,741,773	17,963,102	813,376
Bull	18	3.6	24,362,683	31,212,663	978,924
Dell	15	3.0	24,528,727	42,623,632	1,247,118
Fujitsu	11	2.2	37,624,378	51,859,986	1,753,368
NUDT	4	0.8	39,271,790	64,020,685	3,534,336
IBM	27	0.6	56,428,002	67,161,639	4,611,236
HPE	143	5.4	124,430,645	181,738,373	4,996,780
Cray Inc.	57	11.4	160,476,360	229,400,160	5,981,864

Applications

The stages of supercomputer application may be summarized in the following table:

Decade	Uses and computer involved
1970s	Weather forecasting, aerodynamic research (Cray-1).
1980s	Probabilistic analysis, radiation shielding modeling (CDC Cyber).
1990s	Brute force code breaking (EFF DES cracker).
2000s	3D nuclear test simulations as a substitute for legal conduct Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (ASCI Q).
2010s	Molecular Dynamics Simulation (Tianhe-1A)